The fast food industry

The fast food industry INTRODUCTION In the fast food industry, nothing comes close to McDonalds as this company has stamped its mark as one of the leading fast food chains in its industry. Founded back in 1955 by Ray Kroc, who single handedly opened the first McDonalds in Des Plaines, Illinois. Though Kroc died in the year 1984, his contribution and success still remains thus making him a legend. That was considered as a stepping stone for the restaurant as it has since then grew into one of the largest fast food chains in the world. As of today, McDonalds has over 30000 restaurants world wide in over 100 countries serving up to approximately 47 million customers daily. McDonalds has successful stamp its mark especially in Asian countries like Japan, Thailand, and Malaysia where it has monopolized the fast food industry. Out of all the McDonald restaurants in the world, 70% of them are owned by independent businessman and woman due to its popularity and high demand making it worth while for investment purposes. Since t he corporation had make such a big profit out of this fast food chain, it is now heading not just one but a few other restaurants such as Aroma Cafà ©, Boston Market, Chipotle Mexican Grill, and Donatos Pizza. Demands for McDonalds are higher in foreign countries outside U.S.A thus causing the corporation to open the restaurant as much as four times more than in the U.S.A. This is due to the fact that foreign countries contributed to more than half of the turnover yearly. MCDONALDS INTERNATIONAL MARKETING MIX STRATEGIES Product McDonalds corporate try to redesign its different of products to adapt to the local needs to achieving economies of scale. McDonalds has studies the difference of culture in whole world. For example India country, beef is not served to the India. Indians are religious sensitive and most of Indians are vegetarian. So, McDonalds are served only chicken or fish and 100 percentage of vegetarian menu. Meat and vegetarian meals are provided in separate areas of the restaurant because this is religious of laws to prepare vegetarians and meat-caters. McDonalds is serving â€Å"Chicken Maharaja Mac† and â€Å"McVeggie† meal in India. For other instance Malaysia country, Malaysia is a Muslim country, so McDonalds do not served pork. McDonalds are served chicken or fish or beef. Malaysians likes to eat hot and spicy foods as well. So, McDonald is serving â€Å"Ayam Goreng McD† and â€Å"Spicy Chicken McDeluxe†. Besides that, they are serving beef too. â€Å"BigMac† and â€Å"Quarter Pounder with Cheese† are popular meal McDonalds outlets in Malaysia. Overall, McDonalds in general serves a rather wide variety of food considering the fact that it differs in certain countries for example, the Quarter Pounder Beef Burger is not served in India. This is to help satisfy the needs of everyone with different taste in food, thus attracting more customers to the restaurant. McDonalds also focuses a lot on the happy meals which are meant for children, each happy meal purchased entitles the child to a free toy. This proves vital as it can help in the sales revenue of the restaurant and also attract more family oriented customers to the restaurant. Branding A successful brand building can make its corporate becomes successful and defeated the stronger competitors. David (2001) states that ‘the Profit Impact of Marketing Strategy project shows that return on investment is related to a brands share of the market: bigger brands yield higher returns than smaller brands. Everyone knew that Coca-Cola is the most famous beverage in the world. McDonalds are severed the global brands soft drink, so it is will increase the reputations McDonalds. Both of corporations are getting benefits and making profitable. So, brand image may effect on product life cycle. Price Malaysias economic is better than India. India is lack of technology and purchasing power status is lower than Malaysia. So, that McDonalds has charged the different price in between Malaysia and India. Stuart et al. (2010) stated that exchange rate is influenced by a range of complex forces in the foreign exchange markets and may not accurately reflect the purchasing power of one countrys currency in another country. Malaysias standard living is higher than India. So that Malaysians have higher incomes and purchasing power compare to the Indians. McDonalds think that consumers purchasing power is limited and attract more customers affordable to buy their meals, so that McDonalds had charged the different price in different countries. For example, â€Å"McChicken† is a general set meal sells in McDonalds every country. McDonalds are selling â€Å"McChicken† worth RM 6.10 in Malaysia. Compared in India, McDonalds only sell this meal Rupee 65, convert to Ringgit Malaysia is RM 4.75. Besides that, McDonalds are also attracting its customers with lunch packages at affordable rates, for example in Malaysia, McDonalds lunch package such as â€Å"McValue Lunch† is a limited to a time from 12pm to 3pm at a price range from RM 5.95 making it affordable for everyone compared to the usual RM 9.50 price. This lunch package is mainly to attract students and office workers as the lunch hour in Malaysia for office workers are standardize from the time of 12pm to 2pm and students also finish classes at 12pm making it convenient for everyone to drop by and have lunch. Promotion Technology transfers are the most important to the national and international businesses. Advertising can make McDonalds more efficient to the host countries. For example Malaysia country, Most of Malaysians are have own a televisions. So that McDonalds focus the technology infrastructure of the Malaysia to promote its products by TV commercials. McDonalds also promote its product through by magazines, brochures and newspapers. McDonalds are trying to redesign new products many times to satisfy customers need and finally provided â€Å"Weekday Breakfast Special† and â€Å"McValue Lunch†. McDonalds also will provide a special set meal â€Å"Prosperity Burger† only for the Chinese New Year festive season in Malaysia. Indias standard living is lower than Malaysia. India country is lack of technology. So, McDonalds to promote its product most of times using by billboards and leaflets. McDonalds are shifted from â€Å"McDonalds mein hai kuch baat† to â€Å"To aaj McDonalds ho jaaye†. The reason changed is encouraging Indian customers to visit McDonalds more often with their family and enjoy their time out. It is create awareness to attract more customers visit McDonalds. In general, McDonalds have used promotion as a way of getting customers attention to get what they want or what is being promoted. Customers will then be encouraged to buy the item as actions taken by customers are usually sufficient in terms of purchases. Promotions, usually being advertise on billboards, cinemas and television all have one purpose, which is to obtain awareness from viewers and making sure they remember it. Place Placement, also known as distribution channel is very important for the international marketers. It is affected the product is available to the customer at the right place, at the right time and in the right quantity and price. For example, Malaysia is a technology country. Most of Malaysians are busy working. They have no enough time to have their breakfast and lunch. So McDonalds are located â€Å"Drive-Thru† to make easier availability for providing product and services to the customers. It can help Malaysians to save time and money too. For instance, India is a country which lack technology due to low economic status. Most of Indians are having transportation problems. So, Indian can have McDonalds meals through by â€Å"McDelivery† system. It could easy delivery products to the India customers. In Malaysia, McDonald franchises have become a common investment among local businessman and woman as more restaurants have been set up in most towns and major cities. Every McDonald restaurant has been strategically set up in Malaysia as it only takes the corner lot of every shop lot. This allows the restaurant to occupy more space thus attracting more attention from passerbys. Some franchises also occupy a small building of its own with a private parking bay and drive through accessibility. On the other hand, most McDonald restaurants are also equipped with WIFI services thus allowing customers to enjoy their meals while surfing the internet or working on their assignments. This proves vital as it is an attraction to many customers especially younger generation people. SUGGESTIONS Due to the recent economic crisis and recession, it has affected many companies and organizations, both in the private and public sector. Standardize its food range world wide McDonalds should prepare future market strategies in order to face any unforeseen circumstances that might happen to the company. In my opinion, McDonalds should standardize its food range world wide as this can fulfill customers satisfaction, in terms of variety and flavour. For example, the McDonalds franchise in Malaysia and in India both have different range of food. McDonalds in India are served â€Å"McVeggie† and served â€Å"Ayam Goreng McD† in Malaysia. These prove that meals in India are more vegetable based meals. This can be due to the fact that probably the demand for vegetables are more compared to meat in India. Nevertheless, by standardizing the meals served in both countries. So that, Malaysian can enjoy the â€Å"McVeggie† meal and Indian can enjoy â€Å"Ayam Goreng McD†. Both of meals are represent both countries culture. This will be able to attract more customers as the variety of food has increased in order to fulfill customers satisfaction and both of countries people can know their cultural each other. Expanding Worldwide Networks McDonalds should be also expanding its network as this will help the company gain profit. McDonalds franchises are situated in almost every country in the world. The company should expand the franchise to the rural areas such as small towns and suburbs making it easier for the rural people to enjoy its services and foods. This can prove vital in increasing the profit of McDonalds as there are still many small towns and villages which are yet to be developed. Prior to this, the economic and political status of McDonalds in the countries will be strengthened thus gaining popularity among the rural areas. For example of small town have not McDonalds restaurant yet such as Sandakan and Tawau in Sabah areas. Serving the Best Balancing and Healthy Fast Food Many people around the world enjoy consuming fast food and equal amount of people are suffering and dying because of the same reason. The reason is simply because fast food is processed food and has a lot of preservatives such as salt, sugar, spices, and oil. These preservatives if consumed excessively can result in various health problems such as diabetes, and high blood pressure. Various types of food sold in McDonalds for example French fries and nuggets both have excessive oil added in the process which can be very fattening which can lead to obesity which is dangerous to human health. Many consumers especially in the U.S are suffering from obesity and other diseases due to the consumption of too much fast food. This will result in a drop in sales and slower growth rate of the restaurant thus preventing the company from making a profit due to a drop in demand and sales. In order to rectify this problem, and bringing profit to the company, McDonalds should reduce preservatives add ed in making their food for example, reduction of oil in the process of cooking their food. On the other hand, the restaurant should also have quality control over their food and beverages by making sure that all ingredients are equally added and not excessively. CONCLUSION From the above paragraphs, we can conclude that McDonalds is truly an ambitious corporation in terms of future planning, market strategies and other ideas thus making it one of the leading companies and fast food chain in the world. Based on the qualities the restaurant has, it is no doubt that the restaurant has proven that in order to be successful in the fast food industry, the company should build up good relationships with the franchisor, franchisee, as well as the supplier as this proves to be vital in this line of business as McDonalds can be taken as an example. However, certain points have been listed out as suggestions for the company to improve further in terms of products and services. By using international marketing mix, the restaurant is able to adopt in different countries in terms of politics, economics, social culture, and technology. This can prove vital for McDonalds Corporation as different countries have different backgrounds. Nevertheless, McDonalds still remai ns on top of the charts in the fast food sector in spite of the recent economic crisis. REFERENCE: Walker, Jr. et al., 1999. Marketing Strategy Planning and Implementation.3rd ed. United States: McGraw-Hill. David, J., 2001. Principles and Practice of Marketing. 3rd ed. United States: McGraw-Hill. Robert, D. and John, F.T., 2009. Business Marketing. 4th ed. United States: McGraw-Hill. Stuart, W. et al., 2010. International Business. 3rd ed. Pearson: Prentice Hall. Ricky, W.G. and Ronald, J.E., 2006. Business. 8th ed. Pearson: Prentice Hall. Uttara, M., 2008. Different Types of Advertising. [Online]. Available from:http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-advertising.html. [cited 01 December 2009] McDonalds India. McDelivery. [Online].Available from:http://mcdonaldsindia.net/Mcdelivery/index.htm [cited 01 December 2009] Vikram, B., 2003. Advertising does help in building brand recall, but advertising alone does not sustain a brand. [Online]. Available from:http://www.exchange4media.com/e4m/Brandspeak/brand_mcdonald.asp [cited 02 December 2009] Stephen, O., 2009. The Currency Converter. [Online]. Available from:http://coinmill.com/ [cited 02 December 2009] Amit, R., 2008. Case of McDonalds India Launch. [Online].Available from:http://www.scribd.com/doc/2303069/Case-McDonalds-India-Launch [cited 03 December 2009] McDonalds Malaysia. Menu Items.[Online].Available from:http://www.mcdonalds.com.my/ourfood/alacarte.asp [cited 03 December 2009]  · iFranchise Malaysia. McDonalds Franchise Business Opportunity. [Online].Available from: http://www.ifranchisemalaysia.com/mcdonalds-franchise-business-opportunity.html [cited 04 December 2009] Slinky, C., 2009. Marketing Plan of McDonalds 7ps. [Online].Available from:http://www.scribd.com/doc/19212964/Marketing-Plan-of-Mcdonalds-7-ps [cited 04 December 2009] Amit, R., 2008. McDonalds India Launch. [Online].Available from:http://www.slideshare.net/rangnekar/mcdonalds-india-launch-presentation [cited 05 December 2009] Abhishek, B. et al., 2009. Marketing Mix of McDonalds India. [Online]. Available from:http://www.scribd.com/doc/13142703/Marketing-MixMcdonalds-India [cited 05 December 2009] McDonalds Malaysia. Mission and Vision.[Online].Available from:http://www.mcdonalds.com.my/abtus/corpinfo/mission.asp [cited 06 December 2009]

Of Mice and Me Essay

Of mice and men is a Film about life in a ranch, well done, with a low budget but with a lot of creativity. The directors are Gary Since and Horton Foot, Since plays an important part in the film as George. The other main actors are John Malcovich as Lenny and Sherlin Flynn as Curley’s wife. Very good actors and know how to interpret each characters. Curley’s wife has a very low profile in comparison with the book. Well the film starts when they escape from weed because they think Lenny raped a girl. They go to a ranch to work. There is a guy named Curly who hates big guys like Lenny, he has a wife who likes to flirt with men at the ranch. Curly has a fight with Lenny and Lenny breaks Curley’s hand. They say he caught it in a machine. Gorge and Lenny tell Candy about their dream and they decide to do it together. Lenny is playing with a pup and he realizes its dead, suddenly Curley’s wife gets in they start talking and she says to him to touch her hare. He dose it so hard she starts to scream and Lenny gets nervous and he ends up killing her. He runs away. Candy tells the guys and they go and look for Lenny. Gorge arrives first and while he is telling him their dream he kills him. The part of Lenny its grate. The actor was perfectly chosen in the physical part and its interpretation as Lenny it’s just like I imagined in the book. The part of George was good but not perfect. In the book talks a lot and has a very tight relationship with slim and he treats Lenny very badly in the film he is more quiet and more gentile with Lenny. I personally did not like Curley’s wife. In the book they describe her like a tart. She likes to where fancy dresses and feathers. In the film she is more reserved and less flirty. The music and lights play a major part in the film. For example the sins in the bunk house are always dark, with very little light in the middle of the bunk house. A very good example of music it’s when George is running to the pool at the ending they put nervous music because George its nervous, that makes a big effect in the audience. The novel is a protest novel with deep content but in the feel this is not so clear. The film could represent these themes in a better way if Curley’s wife was more of a tart or if crooks part was the same as in the book, longer and expressing more resentment feelings. I would recommend this film only for people who read the book because it helps to understand many aspects but for people who did not red it could be very slow and boring. This film it’s good only as a complement of the book. It’s good to rescue the actuation of John Malcovich who did a brilliant part and the good music and light effects.

Partnership - 686 Words

Camisha Booker CA-156: Computerized Accounting 11 Partnership vs Sole Proprietorship March 11, 2014 Thinking about starting your own business? Do you prefer to work alone? Or do you prefer to work with a partner? If you choose to work with a partner then the best business structure for you would be the partnership structure. First you must ask yourself; do we have the same vision or objectives on how to run the business? Are we able to communicate well with each other? Most important question of all, do you trust this individual? If two of these three questions is no then maybe the partnership structure isn’t for you and you should set the business up as a sole proprietorship. The partnership business structure allows two or†¦show more content†¦Having discretionary time, more contacts, support and motivation is a big plus when starting a business. The right partnership has these qualities. When one needs time to spend with family and friends or even just to get the most important things dealing with the business done, having a partner is a good ideal because days or weeks can be rotated among the two. By bringing on a partner, you acquire a new network of contacts and potential customers. If one partner was to died or become physical impaired while in the partnership agreement the other partner can take over the business completely or choose to sell the other partner’s half of the business (Price, 2012). With sole proprietorship if the owner becomes impaired or dies the business can result in termination because there is no one to take over the business (LaMance, 2013) If you are a team player, I say go for the partnership, but talk things over with your potential partner before making any decisions. Now if you choose to go in it alone with the sole proprietorship keep in mind that some investors think businesses started under the sole proprietorship are less professional than any other structure that consist of two or more people. Works Cited Partnership: Pros and Cons. (2014). Retrieved from Boundless:Show MoreRelatedPartnership And Participation : Partnership1230 Words   |  5 PagesPartnership and Participation In recent years, development focuses have shifted from leaving the power in the hands of multilateral organizations to distributing the power to a range of actors. The idea that the government has the ultimate knowledge and power an out-dated (CCIC, 1). Partnerships and participation refer to the stakeholders in decision-making for projects and development and how they interact. 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The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald - 688 Words

The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a book of love and tragedy that all leads back to dreams and ideas, but never reality. Gatsby is a man of great wealth and is truly rich. Or is he? The Great Gatsby has many disguises that play a major role in several characters lives, but mostly Gatsbys. Gatsby believes that he will be very successful and get what he wants, including Daisy, if he is rich. He succeeded in getting money and living a life of luxury, but is never truly rich. He is always so set on the future and what things could be if this, or if that happens, that he never lives in the present. Because Gatsby never lives in the present, he ends up doing that permanently, and by the end of the book, he lives no more. When Gatsby was alive, he seemed never to be happy, because he was never satisfied with himself; Gatsby tried to change himself. 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Anxiety Disorders And Its Effects On Children - 2056 Words

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illnesses that affect children and the amount of children affected by this mental illness has increased considerably in the past century. However, the amount of children that actually get treatment is drastically low, leaving children to deal with their fears and worries by themselves. The children who deal with anxiety are overcome with fear and worry and are constantly dismissed as acting out for attention because people are unaware of how serious anxiety can affect children. Anxiety plagues children and can affect them for their entire life if not treated and in order to make sure these suffering children get the care they need their needs to be more emphasis on anxiety disorders. Childhood anxiety disorders affect the child and the people involved in the child’s life, yet there is not enough treatment or awareness in today’s society. There are many different types of anxiety disorders that affect children including; selec tive mutism, separation anxiety, social anxiety, panic disorder, generalized anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and specific phobias. Selective mutism is an anxiety disorder that makes the child incapable of talking in certain situations, such as school or social activities, due to a fear of talking and socializing. This specific disorder is associated with social anxiety because the child usually has a social phobia, although the exact cause why the child does not speakShow MoreRelatedAnxiety Disorders And Its Effects On Children And Adolescents843 Words   |  4 PagesAnxiety Disorders are a common phenomenon in children and adolescents. Research studies have identified both a biological and environment bases as well as the interplay between risks and protective factors determine the development of anxiety disorders. It is relevant that intervention strategies are research-based, as this will ensure the implementation of effective treatment p lans. Because of managed care enterprises, it is essential that intervention strategies utilized are researching-founded;Read MoreAnxiety Disorders And Its Effects On Children s Life1922 Words   |  8 Pagesmatter of worry: an anxiety disorder. As the mental development that takes place in the early years of life are pivotal to the rest of one’s overall health, issues such as anxiety disorders that are left untreated are very detrimental and can trail into adulthood as well (Children’s Mental Health - New Report). It is important for parents and guardians to be involved in their child’s life so that they are able to recognize a severe shift in the perfectly normal, and beneficial, anxiety felt in one’s youngerRead MoreLong Term Effects of Childhood Separation Anxiety1230 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Long-Term Effects of Childhood Separation Anxiety Abstract This report delves into the connection between childhood separation anxiety disorder and the long-term implications that it may have. To understand the connections I preformed secondary research through â€Å"Academic Search Complete†. I found that childhood separation anxiety disorder is connected with serious mental disorders, such as anorexia, bulimia, social phobias, depression, and behavior disorders. Many studies have shown that childhoodRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1734 Words   |  7 Pagesissue amongst children and young adults. The physical health and the ability to perform at school, work and in society, highly depend on the mental health of an individual (Ollendick 2012). The Australian figures of a burden of the disease show that mental health problems occur in approximately 14% of young people aged 4–17 years, and 27 % in the 18–24-year-old age range. Most mental disorders, for example, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), anxiety disorder, mood disorder, psychotic disorderRead MoreThe Quality Of The Two Programs For An Evaluation938 Words   |  4 Pagesresearched in this assignment are Children’s Anxiety Treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy (individual and family modality), and Adult Opiate Abuse Treatment with buprenorphine and naltrexone. These studies have shown the effects of different treatments which involves buprenorphine and naltrexone formulations for relapse prevention and detoxified opioid addicts. Research on cognitive behavioural therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety is suggested to be based on sound theoreticalRead MoreThe Efficacy And Effectiveness Of Social Anxiety790 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasing number of studies have been investigating the effects of modifying conventional CBT approaches by either reducing the number of sessions or shortening the time period across which the sessions are delivered. Early studies sought to establish whether brief, intensive CBT is effective for the treatment of youth anxiety by comparing brief, intensive CBT to a waitlist control. A 2013 study evaluated whether CBT interventions for social anxiety in girls can be administered as effectively in a oneRead MoreStuttering Is A Communication Disorder That Involuntary Effects The Fluency Of Speech1479 Words   |  6 PagesStuttering Stuttering is a communication disorder that involuntary effects the fluency of speech. Disfluencies in speech include both â€Å"nonstuttered† and â€Å"stuttered† disfluencies. â€Å"Nonstuttered† disfluencies include interjections, revisions, phrase repetitions, and other. Everyone produces disfluencies in their speech at times making â€Å"nonstuttered† disfluencies more typical in speech. â€Å"Stuttered† disfluencies are less typical and include word repetitions, sound/syllable repetitions, prolongationsRead MoreThe Intervention Program Is A Treatment Intervention1483 Words   |  6 Pagesprogram is a treatment intervention. With anxiety disorder, it is better to have treated the disorder rather than prevent it. Through treatment and intervention, the child with anxiety disorder will be able to overcome future struggles and stress. Even though prevention program is designed to prevent anxiety disorder to occur, anxiety disorder has several fac tors and causes, which makes it extremely difficult to cover all the vulnerabilities of anxiety disorder. Biological, psychological, and socialRead MoreSeparation Anxiety : A Type Of An Attachment Disorder1232 Words   |  5 PagesNo one is perfectly healthy. In today’s society, many people suffer from some type of disorders. Separation anxiety is one of them. According to the www.attachment.org website, â€Å"this disorder is a type of an attachment disorder that is usually observed by young children, who feel they are getting lack of affection and attention from parents or their caregivers due to separation.† I believe that many people feel unsafe being alone and they are afraid to be alone. However, due to inescapable situationRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1569 Words   |  7 Pagesfor autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occur has seen a dramatic growth in numbers. With diagnoses for ASD increasing, more siblings are also being found to have grown up with a sister or brother with autism spectrum disorder. Previous studies have shown no consensus on whether or not siblings of persons with ASD are at risk for negative effects. However, patterns of anxiety among these siblings are being examined to see if characteristics of a child with autism spectrum disorder and their parents can

Women and Art Free Essays

All art is political. Every slap of paint on canvass, every sculpture, every graffiti, drawing, and so on is a product of another individual’s particular sentiment, ideology and persuasion. Every work serves as an arbitrary reflection or extension of the artist or individual who created it. We will write a custom essay sample on Women and Art or any similar topic only for you Order Now All art is able to evoke and communicate the aforementioned ideology and persuasion of its artist, whether or not the artist in question explicitly intended to do so. As far as the politics of art and conveying meanings and messages are concerned, however, women, it would appear, are often on the receiving end of conceptual constructions or deconstructions, and general influences necessarily afforded by society, culture, and art. And no art form is capable of eliciting the most influence and affecting generally accepted social constructs and norms, than that of advertising. Of course, while most hardly regard advertising as an art form, but instead a field or medium which peddles products and ideologies through art, which is one aspect of it; the manner by which advertising makes use of art is perhaps, to a certain convoluted degree, one of the most crude but simultaneously honest as well. Honest because its audience, or the general public on the receiving end of such art are aware of its intentions, aware of its function to peddle or sell whatever product, philosophy or worldview they are tasked to peddle at the moment. Unfortunately, this awareness doesn’t always translate to lack of vulnerability and unaffectedness on people’s part. As previously mentioned, women are often on the receiving end of influences and constructs, as far as characteristics, roles, and unavoidably, stereotypes of the supposed weaker sex are concerned. In recent years, the prescribed image of what a woman is: how she should look, should feel, should think, should necessarily conduct, behave, engage, and apply herself within the family, other social institutions, and society at large is greatly dictated and shaped by commercial advertisements present in television, the radio, magazines, the internet, newspapers, and virtually the whole of mass media. While the stereotypical view that women are generally emotional and fragile has ceased to become breaking news, similar concepts and standards of what a woman is persists through commercial advertisements. Advertisements which define women based on her physical parts, as opposed to her ideas, convictions, what she has the capacity for, and what she can actually do, how she works, and a myriad other things which comprise her as a human being. In commercial ads for clothes, perfumes, accessories, and so on, for instance, the aesthetic is given the highest regard, and women are reduced to the crudeness of waist lines, bust sizes, and weight, among other things. While one could argue that the opposite sex are also on the receiving end of such attacks on identity and gender, and that the same premise applies to men; the prescribed standards and social constructs on women are far more predominant and palpable as evident in every magazine cover, billboard, and television commercial which runs in public view on a daily basis. It also appears especially and particularly evident in the images which follow, images which appear in public view across the globe under the heading of advertising. It doesn’t take a radical feminist perspective to realize and be conscious of the reality that something is infinitely wrong and contrived with the way women are being defined and depicted in advertising. Advertising not only coaxes peple into buying prodcuts they supposedly need, it also influences and conditions views regarding normalcy and what should and should not be deemed acceptable, in terms of how people should look, think, and behave in society. Women in turn, are encouraged, if not obliged to be beautiful, to assume the â€Å"responsibility† of being aesthetically pleasing by losing weight, having smooth skin, full lips, big breasts, however fake or artificial, in order to fit into the mold of what advertising deems â€Å"beautiful,† which every â€Å"normal† woman is expected to assume and become. Both the stereotypical domestic housewife and working career woman are affected and subjected to society’s concept of the ideal woman. Despite the manner by which some form of art, mainly photography in advertising, affords a view of women which serves to demean and disparage them, there exists other art forms which depart, if not, largely contradict the contrived ideology and perspective that was previously discussed concerning women. Such opposite, and perhaps, positive constructs and view on women are evident in the philosophy and art of Barbara Kruger. The American artist famous for her conceptual art which weaves and incorporates words and images together in seeming subversive and opinionated collages affords individuals who view her art, a refreshing perspective on relevant social constructs which affect every individual. Kruger’s art interestingly comes across as the negation of commercial advertising. What she evokes and communicates through her art is the presence of social constructs which exists and abounds inescapably in the society we live in and belong to. Kruger presents these constructs and creates satirical or mock interpretations of the realities which every individual is immersed in. Kruger’s perspective on what constitutes a woman is made evident in her collages and illustrations which depict women, for instance, incapacitated by pins stuck across their body, concluded by an ironic message written in bold text in the middle of the illustration which pronounces, â€Å"We have received orders not to move† (Untitled 1982). And another of a woman’s face split vertically in two parts, one perfectly distinct and ideal, and the other muted in negative art, aptly entitled, â€Å"Your Body Is A Battleground. † Kruger’s photographs and illustrations present social constructs in a tone and platform which effectively conveys her aim to deconstruct them. The manner by which Barbara Kruger’s art differs from that which is presented in advertising exists in the reality that Kruger, as an artist, and as a woman is communicating and expressing an extension of herself, her ideals and perspective on women and how they are portrayed are translated into the aforementioned art forms, whereas commercial advertisements are products of a market which intends to peddle an â€Å"ideal† version of women, one which exists as a facade, and in less organic and realistic forms. Ultimately, as Barbara Kruger has already aptly put it, every woman’s body is a battleground, women should not only be aware of the roles, standards and definitions being set regarding who or what a woman should be, but also take necessary steps in challenging and breaking free from these constructs. If not for every woman’s sake, then for individuality, and the preservation of it. How to cite Women and Art, Papers

Systematically Quote Pricing Goods Services â€Myasignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Systematically Quote Pricing Goods Services? Answer: Introduction: Globalization has improved the ways in which economic transaction takes place throughout the world by promoting more of international trade. Along with advancement in trade came the need to systematically quote pricing of goods and services. The concept of elasticity has helped the businessmen in doing so. International trade gave rise to the concept of absolute advantage and comparative advantage (Helpman Razin, 2014). The theory as put forwarded by Adam Smith talks about the deciding factor based on which any country chooses to produce goods and services. Here the concept of price elasticity and different types of advantages has been elucidated to answer the given question. Price of goods based on Price Elasticity of Demand Price elasticity of demand shows the changes in the demand of any goods and services due to the change in the price of the same, ceteris parebus. It is measured as the ratio of percentage changes of demanded quantity to that of price (Pigou, 2013). If the numerical value is greater than 1, then the good is price elastic in nature and if it is lesser than 1, it is inelastic. Price Quantity Elasticity = Elasticity = 1 Elasticity = 0 Figure 1: Price Elasticity of Demand Source: Created by the Author In the above figure the price elasticity has been shown. The point where elasticity is 0, the demand for goods does not depend on the price and the point where elasticity is , the demand fluctuates to a great level with minute change in price. The main motive of any producer is to maximize their revenue either by increasing the price or by increasing the quantity sold. If the good is necessary goods with no or very few substitute then increasing the price will not make a huge difference in the quantity purchased thereby maximizing the revenue (Mankiw, 2014). In other words, when demand is inelastic, the producer can quote higher price to maximize their revenue. On other hand, if the goods sold has easily available substitutes or is of luxurious type, then change in price will greatly affect the change in quantity demanded. In such a case the producer tries to keep price low so as to attract customer base towards their products and maximize profit through an increase in sales volume. Absolute versus Comparative Advantage The primary difference between absolute advantage and comparative advantage is that the former highlights the ability of a nation to produce goods and services at lower per unit cost than its competing nation. The later highlights a nations ability to carry on their production at lower opportunity cost. Another difference between these two concepts is that absolute advantage is beneficial for one trading partner and often nation might not be benefitted. Comparative advantage on other hand is mutually beneficial for both the nation engaged in international trade (Gopinath, Helpman, Rogoff, 2014). The example below illustrates the difference further: Country Trucks produced per day Cars produced per day India 3 3 United States 2 1 In the table above it can be seen that India has absolute advantage in producing both trucks (as 3 2) and cars (as 3 1). But if the opportunity cost is calculated, Country Truck Cars India 1 Car 1 Truck United States 0.5 Car 2 Truck Here it is seen that India has lower opportunity cost in producing Car than U.S. (as 1 2). On other hand U.S. has lower opportunity cost in producing trucks (as 0.5 1). Hence, if trade takes place, India would choose to produce cars and U.S. would produce trucks. Conclusion: The two different concepts briefly discussed above gives us only a glimpse of the ways in which interaction amongst different nation works in maintaining a global trade scenario. However, the international trade in itself is such a huge and complex procedure that to understand it requires a detailed study and research of the same References Gopinath, G., Helpman, E., Rogoff, K. (2014). Handbook of international economics (Vol. 4). Elsevier. Helpman, E., Razin, A. (2014). A theory of international trade under uncertainty. Academic Press. Mankiw, N. G. (2014). Essentials of economics. Cengage learning. Pigou, A. C. (2013). The economics of welfare. Palgrave Macmillan.